解决内网用户不能正常访问内部WEB服务器问题
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??><FONT color=#000000>某日，一过去同事给我打电话，询问关于</FONT></SPAN><SPAN><FONT color=#000000>NAT后的设备访问问题，现解决如下：<BR><BR></FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>如图所示，该企业申请</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ADSL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>上网，只获得了一个公有合法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>IP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>地址。企业有一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>WEB</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>服务器提供访问，可以使用端口地址重定向功能来完成。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: " Times Roman?; New mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA?><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#int e0<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(1)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config-if)#ip add <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.254 255.255.255.0</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config-if)#ip nat inside</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#int e1</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config-if)#ip add 202.1.1.1 255.255.255.252</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config-if)#ip nat outside</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip nat inside source static tc<st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">p 10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.1 <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>80 <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>202.1.1.1 <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>80<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(2)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#access-list 1 permit <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.0 0.0.0.255<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(4)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface e1 overload<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(5)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip route <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">0.0.0</st1:chsdate>.0 0.0.0.0 202.1.1.2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(6)<BR><BR></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??><FONT color=#000000 size=2> 命令解释：<BR><BR></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：配置路由器接口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>IP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>地址及标记</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>NAT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>的内部端口和外部端口</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：当外部用户访问服务器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>202.1.1.1:80</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>，路由器使用静态</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>NAT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>的方式转到</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10.1.1</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US>.1:80</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：配置标准访问控制列表，匹配内部</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10.1.1</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US>.0/24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>网络的主机</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：配置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>PAT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>，允许内部</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10.1.1</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US>.0/24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>用户能够进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>NAT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>转换</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：配置静态路由，使经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>NAT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>转换后的数据包能够发送至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ISP</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> 经过这些配置后，企业内部网络用户能够正常访问外部资源，外部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Internet</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>用户能够浏览该企业的网站（假设网站地址为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>www.51jifen.com</A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）。这时候，我们会发现企业内部网络用户无法使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>www.51jifen.com</A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>来访问内部网站。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??><FONT color=#000000 size=2> 现解决该问题办法如下：</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip dns server<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(1)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip domain-lookup<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(2)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip name-server 202.96.64.68<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(3)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2> Router(config)#ip host </FONT><FONT size=2>www.51jifen.com</FONT></A><FONT size=2> <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(4)</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> 内部网络主机的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>配置成</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10.1.1</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US>.254</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??><FONT color=#000000 size=2> 命令解释：</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：启用路由器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>服务功能</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：启用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>的外部查询功能，一般来说，该功能路由器缺省启用</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：指定所查找的上级</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>服务器地址（根据本地情况确定）</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> （</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>）：手工配置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>本地条目</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> 搞定。<BR> 注意：如果路由器负担较重，请另外建立一个内部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DNS</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>服务器。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT color=#000000 size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??> 另外，如果企业规模不是很大，还可以让路由器担当</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>DHCP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: " Times Roman?; mso-hansi-font-family: ?Times New Roman??>服务器功能。新增配置如下：</SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#server dhcp<BR> Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.254</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.1</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(config)#ip dhcp pool<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ABC</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(dhcp-config)#network <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.0 /24</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.254</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT color=#000000 size=2> Router(dhcp-config)#default-router <st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="30" Month="12" Year="1899">10.1.1</st1:chsdate>.254</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
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